Science
Physics, chemistry, weather, and unit conversions.
32 calculators
Acceleration Calculator — change in velocity over timeCalculate average acceleration: a = (final velocity − initial velocity) ÷ time. Enter SI values (m/s and s) for a result in m/s².Bandwidth Calculator — data rate in MbpsCalculate the bandwidth (data rate) of a transfer in megabits per second: Mbps = 8 × file size in MB ÷ time in seconds. Enter a file size and how long it took.Combined Gas Law Calculator — P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂Solve the combined gas law P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ for the final volume: V₂ = P₁V₁T₂ ÷ (P₂T₁). Enter initial pressure, volume and temperature and the new pressure and temperature.Density Calculator — mass per unit volume (ρ = m/V)Calculate density from mass and volume: density = mass ÷ volume. Enter both in matching units (kg and m³ → kg/m³, g and cm³ → g/cm³).Dew Point Calculator — from temperature and humidityCalculate the dew point from air temperature and relative humidity using the NWS formula. Enter °C and humidity (%) to see the dew point.Dilution Calculator — C₁V₁ = C₂V₂Calculate how much stock solution to dilute using C₁V₁ = C₂V₂. Enter the stock and target concentrations and the final volume to get the stock volume and water to add.Download Time Calculator — file size and internet speedEstimate how long a download takes from the file size (MB) and your connection speed (Mbps). Handles the 8-bits-per-byte conversion automatically.Force Calculator — Newton's second law (F = ma)Calculate force from mass and acceleration with Newton's second law: force = mass × acceleration. Enter SI units (kg and m/s²) for a result in newtons.Free Fall Calculator — fall time & impact speedCalculate how long an object takes to fall from a height and how fast it hits: t = √(2h/g), v = √(2gh). Enter the drop height in metres for results in seconds and m/s.Frequency to Wavelength Calculator — λ = v/fConvert frequency to wavelength using the wave relation v = fλ: wavelength = wave speed ÷ frequency. Enter the wave speed (m/s) and frequency (Hz).Half-Life Calculator — radioactive decay remainingCalculate how much of a decaying substance remains after a time using its half-life: N = N₀ × (½)^(t/half-life). Enter the initial amount, time and half-life.Heat Index Calculator — what the temperature feels likeCalculate the heat index (apparent temperature) from air temperature and humidity using the NWS formula. Enter °F and relative humidity (%).Ideal Gas Law Calculator — pressure from PV = nRTCalculate the pressure of an ideal gas from the ideal gas law PV = nRT: P = nRT/V. Enter moles, temperature in kelvin and volume in litres for a pressure in atmospheres.Kinetic Energy Calculator — energy of motion (½mv²)Calculate kinetic energy from mass and speed: KE = ½ × mass × velocity². Enter SI values (kg and m/s) for a result in joules.Molarity Calculator — molar concentration (M = mol/L)Calculate molarity (molar concentration): M = moles of solute ÷ litres of solution. Enter moles and volume for the concentration in mol/L.Moles Calculator — grams to moles (n = mass ÷ molar mass)Convert grams to moles: moles = mass ÷ molar mass. Enter the sample mass in grams and the substance's molar mass in g/mol to get the amount in moles.Momentum Calculator — linear momentum (p = mv)Calculate linear momentum from mass and velocity: momentum = mass × velocity. Enter SI units (kg and m/s) for a result in kg·m/s.Ohm's Law Calculator — voltage and power from current and resistanceApply Ohm's law: voltage = current × resistance (V = IR), with power P = I²R. Enter amps and ohms to get volts and watts.Percent Yield Calculator — reaction efficiencyCalculate the percent yield of a reaction: percent yield = (actual yield ÷ theoretical yield) × 100. Enter the actual and theoretical yields in the same units.pH Calculator — pH and pOH from [H⁺]Calculate pH and pOH from the hydrogen-ion concentration: pH = −log₁₀[H⁺], and pOH = 14 − pH at 25 °C. Enter [H⁺] in mol/L.Potential Energy Calculator — gravitational (mgh)Calculate gravitational potential energy: PE = mass × gravity × height. Enter SI values (kg, m/s², m) for a result in joules; gravity defaults to 9.8.Power Calculator — rate of doing work (P = W/t)Calculate power as work divided by time: P = W ÷ t. Enter work in joules and time in seconds for a result in watts.PPI Calculator — pixel density of a screenCalculate a display's pixel density (PPI) from its resolution and diagonal size: PPI = √(width² + height²) ÷ diagonal inches. Enter pixels and screen size.Projectile Motion Calculator — range, height & time of flightCalculate a projectile's horizontal range, maximum height and time of flight from its launch speed and angle: R = v₀²·sin(2θ)/g. Enter SI units (m/s, degrees) for results in metres and seconds.Resistor Color Code Calculator — bands to resistanceRead a 4-band resistor's resistance and tolerance from its color bands. Two digit bands, a multiplier, and a tolerance band decode to ohms using the IEC 60062 / EIA color code.Speed Calculator — average speed from distance and timeWork out average speed from distance and time: speed = distance ÷ time. Enter both in matching units (km and h → km/h, m and s → m/s).Storage Size Converter — bytes, KB, MB, GB, TBConvert digital storage between bytes, KB, MB, GB and TB using the decimal (SI) prefixes: 1 GB = 1000 MB. Enter a value and pick the units.Torque Calculator — turning force (τ = rF sin θ)Calculate torque from force, lever arm and angle: torque = lever arm × force × sin(angle). Enter SI units (metres, newtons, degrees) for a result in newton-metres.Velocity Calculator — final velocity under constant accelerationFind the final velocity from initial velocity, acceleration and time: v = u + a·t. Enter SI values (m/s, m/s², s) for a result in m/s.Voltage Drop Calculator — wire run lossCalculate voltage drop over a wire run: V = I × ρ × 2L ÷ A, using copper or aluminum resistivity. Enter current, one-way length and conductor area for volts lost and percent drop.Wind Chill Calculator — how cold the wind makes it feelCalculate wind chill from air temperature and wind speed using the NWS 2001 formula. Enter °F and wind speed in mph to see the feels-like temperature.Work Calculator — work done by a force (W = Fd cos θ)Calculate the work done by a constant force: work = force × distance × cos(angle). Enter SI units (newtons, metres, degrees) for a result in joules.